Open AccessHigh‐speed intensified video recordings of sprites and elves over the western Mediterranean Sea during winter thunderstorms
Author(s) -
Montanyà J.,
van der Velde O.,
Romero D.,
March V.,
Solà G.,
Pineda N.,
Arrayas M.,
Trueba J. L.,
Reglero V.,
Soula S.
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: space physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2009ja014508
Subject(s) - sprite (computer graphics) , thunderstorm , meteorology , halo , geology , light emission , ionosphere , storm , physics , astronomy , optics , computer science , galaxy , computer graphics (images)
We report the first intensified high‐speed video images of elves, sprites, and halos observed in Europe. All the events corresponded to winter season thunderstorms over the Mediterranean Sea. The observations comprise many elves generated by both cloud‐to‐ground lightning current polarities. In 8 of the 14 sprite observations we observed an elve previous to the sprite. In three cases we observed also an elve quickly followed by a halo and a sprite. In several observations we observed lightning light before the mesospheric transient luminous event. We present a case where the lightning from cloud tops was visible during the entire event. Thanks to the high‐speed videos and their resolution and low intensifier phosphor persistence we analyzed the timing distribution of the development phase of sprite elements, the persisting luminosity phase, and the total duration. Finally, we summarize one particular observation where a streamer collides and bounces with a previous formed column; it may be a new phenomenon of collision between an existing column body that interacts with a later streamer point‐like tip which is not merged and attached.