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Seven years of postseismic deformation following the 1999, M = 7.4 and M = 7.2, Izmit‐Düzce, Turkey earthquake sequence
Author(s) -
Ergintav S.,
McClusky S.,
Hearn E.,
Reilinger R.,
Cakmak R.,
Herring T.,
Ozener H.,
Lenk O.,
Tari E.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: solid earth
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2008jb006021
Subject(s) - geology , seismology , north anatolian fault , geodesy , crust , global positioning system , logarithm , induced seismicity , tectonics , sequence (biology) , geophysics , telecommunications , mathematical analysis , genetics , mathematics , biology , computer science
We report the results of nearly 7 years of postseismic deformation measurements using continuously recorded and survey mode GPS observations for the 1999 Izmit‐Düzce earthquake sequence. Resolvable, time‐dependent postseismic changes to the preearthquake interseismic velocity field extend at least as far as the continuous GPS station in Ankara, ∼200 km southeast of the Izmit rupture. Seven years after the earthquake sequence, the relative postseismic velocity across the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) reaches ∼10–12 mm/a, roughly 50% of the steady state interseismic rate, with the highest postseismic velocities within 40 km of the coseismic ruptures. We use a sequence of logarithmic time functions to fit GPS site motions. Up to three logarithmic terms with decay constants of 1, 150, and 3500 days are necessary to fit all the transient motion observed at the continuous GPS stations. The first term is required for the component of site motion parallel to the NAF at near‐field sites strongly implicating rapid, shallow afterslip. The intermediate and longer‐term postseismic velocity components reflect more broadly distributed strain with a symmetric double‐couple pattern suggestive of either localized, deep afterslip or viscoelastic relaxation of the upper mantle and/or lower crust. In two areas (including the Marmara Sea) this pattern is superimposed on north‐south extension centered on the NAF. We speculate that this extension may result from aseismic dip slip along coseismically weakened faults, driven by the background tectonic stress.