Open AccessVariable morphologic expression of volcanic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes at six hydrothermal vent fields in the Lau back‐arc basin
Author(s) -
Ferrini Vicki Lynn,
Tivey Margaret K.,
Carbotte Suzanne M.,
Martinez Fernando,
Roman Chris
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.928
H-Index - 136
ISSN - 1525-2027
DOI - 10.1029/2008gc002047
Subject(s) - geology , hydrothermal circulation , seafloor spreading , lava , volcano , lava field , tectonics , ridge , lava dome , crust , volcanic cone , hydrothermal vent , volcanism , submarine volcano , petrology , geochemistry , seismology , paleontology
Ultrahigh‐resolution bathymetric maps (25 cm grid) are used to quantify the physical dimensions of and spatial relationships between tectonic, volcanic, and hydrothermal features at six hydrothermal vent fields in the Lau back‐arc basin. Supplemented with near‐bottom photos, and nested within regional DSL‐120A side‐scan sonar data, these maps provide insight into the nature of hydrothermal systems along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center (ELSC) and Valu Fa Ridge (VFR). Along‐axis transitions evident in localized volcanic morphology and tectonic characteristics include a change from broad low‐relief volcanic domes (hundreds of meters wide, <10 m tall) that are dominated by pillow and lobate lava morphologies and are cut by faults and fissures to higher aspect ratio volcanic domes (tens of meters wide, tens of meters tall) dominated by aa‐type lava morphologies, with finger‐like flows, and few tectonic structures. These along‐axis differences in localized seafloor morphology suggest differences in hydrothermal circulation pathways within the shallow crust and correlate with regional transitions in a variety of ridge properties, including the large‐scale morphology of the ridge axis (shallow axial valley to axial high), seafloor lava compositions, and seismic properties of the upper crust. Differences in morphologic characteristics of individual flows and lava types were also quantified, providing an important first step toward the remote characterization of complex terrains associated with hydrothermal vent fields.