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Improving lightning location goodness of fit by compensating propagation effects of stratified ground
Author(s) -
Schueler J. R.,
Thomson E. M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
radio science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.371
H-Index - 84
eISSN - 1944-799X
pISSN - 0048-6604
DOI - 10.1029/2007rs003639
Subject(s) - goodness of fit , lightning (connector) , meteorology , statistics , geodesy , mathematics , environmental science , geology , physics , power (physics) , quantum mechanics
Higher frequencies were attenuated from lightning ground waves received at the five stations of a time‐of‐arrival (TOA) lightning location network at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) on 10 September 1992. Lightning location goodness of fit was worsened because propagation effects that varied among propagation paths caused the tagged points in time on the pulses to be nonuniformly delayed. To recover some of the lost information, a stratified ground model and the method of least squares were used to estimate ground conductivity, associated time tag delay, stratum thickness, source height, and station gain. The source pulse estimates for one fortuitous lightning were similar enough among stations to suggest that the lightning originated at a point. The point was just inside of the five‐station array within the line of sight (LOS) of each station, the propagation path to Station 2 was over seawater, and the lightning location goodness of fit was significantly improved.