Open AccessBromoform and dibromomethane measurements in the seacoast region of New Hampshire, 2002–2004
Author(s) -
Zhou Yong,
Mao Huiting,
Russo Rachel S.,
Blake Donald R.,
Wingenter Oliver W.,
Haase Karl B.,
Ambrose Jesse,
Varner Ruth K.,
Talbot Robert,
Sive Barkley C.
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2007jd009103
Subject(s) - bromoform , mixing ratio , supersaturation , mixing (physics) , atmospheric sciences , volume (thermodynamics) , atmosphere (unit) , environmental science , chemistry , meteorology , geology , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography , quantum mechanics , chloroform
Atmospheric measurements of bromoform (CHBr 3 ) and dibromomethane (CH 2 Br 2 ) were conducted at two sites, Thompson Farm (TF) in Durham, New Hampshire (summer 2002–2004), and Appledore Island (AI), Maine (summer 2004). Elevated mixing ratios of CHBr 3 were frequently observed at both sites, with maxima of 37.9 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) and 47.4 pptv for TF and AI, respectively. Average mixing ratios of CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 at TF for all three summers ranged from 5.3–6.3 and 1.3–2.3 pptv, respectively. The average mixing ratios of both gases were higher at AI during 2004, consistent with AI's proximity to sources of these bromocarbons. Strong negative vertical gradients in the atmosphere corroborated local sources of these gases at the surface. At AI, CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 mixing ratios increased with wind speed via sea‐to‐air transfer from supersaturated coastal waters. Large enhancements of CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 were observed at both sites from 10 to 14 August 2004, coinciding with the passage of Tropical Storm Bonnie. During this period, fluxes of CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 were 52.4 ± 21.0 and 9.1 ± 3.1 nmol m −2 h −1 , respectively. The average fluxes of CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 during nonevent periods were 18.9 ± 12.3 and 2.6 ± 1.9 nmol m −2 h −1 , respectively. Additionally, CHBr 3 and CH 2 Br 2 were used as marine tracers in case studies to (1) evaluate the impact of tropical storms on emissions and distributions of marine‐derived gases in the coastal region and (2) characterize the transport of air masses during pollution episodes in the northeastern United States.