Spatial variability in the European winter precipitation δ 18 O‐NAO relationship: Implications for reconstructing NAO‐mode climate variability in the Holocene

This paper investigates the links between precipitation δ 18 O and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on decadal timescales to identify the optimum locations within Europe at which to compile δ 18 O‐based proxy records of past NAO variability. δ 18 O is a commonly used paleoclimate (rainfall and temperature) proxy preserved in natural archives including stalagmites, ice cores, tree rings, and lake sediments. Precipitation δ 18 O data ( δ 18 O p ), compiled from Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) stations in the North Atlantic sector reveal the direction and strength of the δ 18 O p ‐NAO relationship in mid‐latitude, high‐latitude, and Mediterranean Europe. The highly significant, positive δ 18 O p ‐NAO relationship in central Europe is attributed to the strong control of air temperature on δ 18 O p in this region. The δ 18 O p ‐NAO relationship is strongly negative at high‐latitude GNIP sites and weak at Mediterranean sites. Decadal‐scale solar irradiance variations correlate with winter δ 18 O p at eight mid‐latitude sites.