Global inundation dynamics inferred from multiple satellite observations, 1993–2000

Wetlands and surface waters are recognized to play important roles in climate, hydrologic and biogeochemical cycles, and availability of water resources. Until now, quantitative, global time series of spatial and temporal dynamics of inundation have been unavailable. This study presents the first global estimate of monthly inundated areas for 1993–2000. The data set is derived from a multisatellite method employing passive microwave land surface emissivities calculated from SSM/I and ISCCP observations, ERS scatterometer responses, and AVHRR visible and near‐infrared reflectances. The satellite data are used to calculate inundated fractions of equal area grid cells (0.25° × 0.25° at the equator), taking into account the contribution of vegetation to the passive microwave signal. Global inundated area varies from a maximum of 5.86 × 10 6 km 2 (average for 1993–2000) to a mean minimum of 2.12 × 10 6 km 2 . These values are considered consistent with existing independent, static inventories. The new multisatellite estimates also show good agreement with regional high‐resolution SAR observations over the Amazon basin. The seasonal and interannual variations in inundation have been evaluated against rain rate estimates from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and water levels in wetlands, lakes, and rivers measured with satellite altimeters. The inundation data base is now being used for hydrology modeling and methane studies in GCMs.