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Localization of volcanic activity: Topographic effects on dike propagation, eruption and conduit formation
Author(s) -
Gaffney Edward S.,
Damjanac Branko
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2006gl026852
Subject(s) - geology , dike , volcano , electrical conduit , magma , volcanic hazards , ridge , flow (mathematics) , seismology , geomorphology , caldera , petrology , geochemistry , paleontology , geometry , mechanical engineering , mathematics , engineering
Magma flow in a dike rising in a crack whose strike runs from a highland or a ridge to an adjacent lowland has been modelled to determine the effect of topography on the flow. It is found that there is a distinct tendency for the flow to be diverted away from the highland end of the strike toward the lowland. Separation of the geometric effect of the topography from its effect on lateral confining stresses on the crack indicates that both contribute to the effect but that the effect of stress is less important. Although this analysis explains a tendency for volcanic eruptions to occur in low lands, it does not preclude eruptions on highlands. The particular configuration modelled mimics topography around the proposed nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, so that the results may indicate some reduction in the volcanic hazard to the site.