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Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy‐related combustion, 1850–2000
Author(s) -
Bond Tami C.,
Bhardwaj Ekta,
Dong Rong,
Jogani Rahil,
Jung Soonkyu,
Roden Christoph,
Streets David G.,
Trautmann Nina M.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
global biogeochemical cycles
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.512
H-Index - 187
eISSN - 1944-9224
pISSN - 0886-6236
DOI - 10.1029/2006gb002840
Subject(s) - biofuel , combustion , carbon black , environmental science , diesel fuel , fossil fuel , emission inventory , carbon fibers , primary (astronomy) , coal , total organic carbon , primary energy , environmental chemistry , aerosol , atmospheric sciences , chemistry , waste management , air pollution , meteorology , materials science , renewable energy , geology , geography , ecology , physics , natural rubber , organic chemistry , astronomy , composite number , engineering , composite material , biology
We present an emission inventory of primary black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (OC) aerosols from fossil fuel and biofuel combustion between 1850 and 2000. We reconstruct fossil fuel consumption and represent changes in technology on a national and sectoral basis. Our estimates rely on new estimates of biofuel consumption, and updated emission factors for old technologies. Emissions of black carbon increase almost linearly, totaling about 1000 Gg in 1850, 2200 Gg in 1900, 3000 Gg in 1950, and 4400 Gg in 2000. Primary organic carbon shows a similar pattern, with emissions of 4100 Gg, 5800 Gg, 6700 Gg, and 8700 Gg in 1850, 1900, 1950, and 2000, respectively. Biofuel is responsible for over half of BC emission until about 1890, and dominates energy‐related primary OC emission throughout the entire period. Coal contributes the greatest fraction of BC emission between 1880 and 1975, and is overtaken by emissions from biofuel around 1975, and by diesel engines around 1990. Previous work suggests a rapid rise in BC emissions between 1950 and 2000. This work supports a more gradual increase between 1950 and 2000, similar to the increase between 1850 and 1925; implementation of clean technology is a primary reason.