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Rupture details of the 28 March 2005 Sumatra M w 8.6 earthquake imaged with teleseismic P waves
Author(s) -
Walker Kristoffer T.,
Ishii Miaki,
Shearer Peter M.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2005gl024395
Subject(s) - seismology , hypocenter , geology , aftershock , forearc , subduction , slip (aerodynamics) , geodesy , earthquake rupture , induced seismicity , tectonics , fault (geology) , physics , thermodynamics
We image the rupture of the 28 March 2005 Sumatra M w 8.6 earthquake by back‐projecting teleseismic P waves recorded by the Global Seismic Network and the Japanese Hi‐net to their source. The back‐projected energy suggests that the rupture started slowly, had a total duration of about 120 s, and propagated at 2.9 to 3.3 km/s from the hypocenter in two different directions: first toward the north for ∼100 km and then, after a ∼40 s delay, toward the southeast for ∼200 km. Our images are consistent with a rupture area of ∼40,000 km 2 , the locations of the first day of aftershocks, and the Harvard CMT M w of 8.6, which implies an average slip of ∼6 m. The earthquake is similar in its location, size, and geometry to a M w ∼8.5 event in 1861. Our estimated average slip is consistent with a partially coupled subduction interface, GPS forearc velocities, and the ∼59 mm/yr convergence rate if the 2005 earthquake released elastic strain that accumulated over many hundreds of years rather than just since the last 1861 event.