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Virus fate and transport during artificial recharge with recycled water
Author(s) -
Anders Robert,
Chrysikopoulos C. V.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1029/2004wr003419
Subject(s) - bacteriophage ms2 , groundwater recharge , environmental science , bacteriophage , filtration (mathematics) , tracer , clogging , bacterial virus , porous medium , virus , wastewater , soil science , environmental engineering , porosity , chemistry , geotechnical engineering , geology , biology , aquifer , groundwater , mathematics , virology , physics , history , archaeology , biochemistry , nuclear physics , statistics , escherichia coli , gene
A field‐scale experiment was conducted at a research site using bacterial viruses (bacteriophage) MS2 and PRD1 as surrogates for human viruses, bromide as a conservative tracer, and tertiary‐treated municipal wastewater (recycled water) to investigate the fate and transport of viruses during artificial recharge. Observed virus concentrations were fitted using a mathematical model that simulates virus transport in one‐dimensional, homogeneous, water‐saturated porous media accounting for virus sorption (or filtration), virus inactivation, and time‐dependent source concentration. The fitted time‐dependent clogging rate constants were used to estimate the collision efficiencies for bacteriophage MS2 and PRD1 during vertical fully saturated flow. Furthermore, the corresponding time‐dependent collision efficiencies for both bacteriophage asymptotically reached similar values at the various sampling locations. These results can be used to develop an optimal management scenario to maximize the amount of recycled water that can be applied to the spreading grounds while still maintaining favorable attachment conditions for virus removal.