Open AccessTop‐of‐atmosphere shortwave broadband observed radiance and estimated irradiance over polar regions from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on Terra
Author(s) -
Kato Seiji,
Loeb Norman G.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2004jd005308
Subject(s) - snow , albedo (alchemy) , overcast , radiance , sea ice , environmental science , irradiance , cloud fraction , atmospheric sciences , cloud albedo , cryosphere , remote sensing , geology , cloud cover , sky , climatology , meteorology , physics , cloud computing , art , performance art , computer science , art history , operating system , quantum mechanics
Empirical angular distribution models for estimating top‐of‐atmosphere shortwave irradiances from radiance measurements over permanent snow, fresh snow, and sea ice are developed using CERES measurements on Terra. Permanent snow angular distribution models depend on cloud fraction, cloud optical thickness, and snow brightness. Fresh snow and sea ice angular distribution models depend on snow and sea ice fraction, cloud fraction, cloud optical thickness, and snow and ice brightness. These classifications lead to 10 scene types for permanent snow and 25 scene types for fresh snow and sea ice. The average radiance over clear‐sky permanent snow is more isotropic with satellite viewing geometry than that over overcast permanent snow. On average, the albedo of clear‐sky permanent snow varies from 0.65 to 0.68 for solar zenith angles between 60° and 80°, while the corresponding albedo of overcast scenes varies from 0.70 to 0.73. Clear‐sky permanent snow albedos over Antarctica estimated from two independent angular distribution models are consistent to within 0.6%, on average. Despite significant variability in sea ice optical properties with season, the estimated mean relative albedo error is −1.0% for very dark sea ice and 0.1% for very bright sea ice when albedos derived from different viewing angles are averaged. The estimated regional root‐mean‐square (RMS) relative albedo error is 5.6% and 2.6% when the sea ice angular distribution models are applied to a region that contains very dark and very bright sea ice, respectively. Similarly, the estimated relative albedo bias error for fresh snow is −0.1% for very dark snow scenes and 0.1% for very bright snow scenes. The estimated regional RMS relative albedo error is 3.5% and 5.0% when angular distribution models are applied to a region that contains very dark and very bright fresh snow, respectively. These error estimates are only due to angular distribution model error and do not include the error caused by scene identification.