Open AccessVariability of the net air–sea CO 2 flux inferred from shipboard and satellite measurements in the Southern Ocean south of Tasmania and New Zealand
Author(s) -
Rangama Y.,
Boutin J.,
Etcheto J.,
Merlivat L.,
Takahashi T.,
Delille B.,
Frankignoulle M.,
Bakker D. C. E.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: oceans
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2004jc002619
Subject(s) - biogeochemical cycle , environmental science , sink (geography) , sea surface temperature , flux (metallurgy) , chlorophyll a , carbon dioxide , atmospheric sciences , satellite , carbon flux , oceanography , climatology , carbon sink , geology , geography , climate change , chemistry , physics , biology , ecosystem , ecology , biochemistry , cartography , organic chemistry , environmental chemistry , astronomy
We determine the distribution of oceanic CO 2 partial pressure (pCO 2 ) with respect to remotely sensed parameters (sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll (Chl)) in order to gain an understanding of the small‐scale (10–100 km) pCO 2 variability and to estimate the net air–sea CO 2 flux in the region (125°E–205°E; 45°S–60°S), which represents 22% of the Southern Ocean area between 45°S and 60°S. We split the study area into several biogeochemical provinces. In chlorophyll‐poor regions, pCO 2 is negatively correlated with SST, indicating that pCO 2 is mostly controlled by mixing processes. For Chl > 0.37 mg m −3 , pCO 2 is negatively correlated with Chl, indicating that pCO 2 variability is mostly controlled by carbon fixation by biological activity. We deduce fields of pCO 2 and of air–sea CO 2 fluxes from satellite parameters using pCO 2 ‐SST, pCO 2 ‐chlorophyll relationships and air–sea gas exchange coefficient, K, from satellite wind speed. We estimate an oceanic CO 2 sink from December 1997 to December 1998 of −0.08 GtC yr −1 with an error of 0.03 GtC yr −1 . This sink is approximately 38% smaller than that computed from the Takahashi et al. (2002) climatological distribution of ΔpCO 2 for the 1995 year but with the same K (−0.13 GtC yr −1 ). When we correct ocean pCO 2 for the interannual variability between 1995 and 1998, the difference is even larger, and we cannot reconcile both estimates in February–March and from June to November. This strengthens the need of new in situ measurements for validating extrapolation methods and for improving knowledge of interannual pCO 2 variability.