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Multi‐hop whistler‐mode ELF/VLF signals and triggered emissions excited by the HAARP HF heater
Author(s) -
Inan U. S.,
Gołkowski M.,
Carpenter D. L.,
Reddell N.,
Moore R. C.,
Bell T. F.,
Paschal E.,
Kossey P.,
Kennedy E.,
Meth S. Z.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2004gl021647
Subject(s) - ionosphere , whistler , earth's magnetic field , physics , northern hemisphere , geophysics , atmospheric sciences , plasma , magnetic field , quantum mechanics
Modulated heating of the lower ionosphere with the HAARP HF heater is used to excite 1–2 kHz signals observed on a ship‐borne receiver in the geomagnetic conjugate hemisphere after propagating as ducted whistler‐mode signals. These 1‐hop signals are believed to be amplified, and are accompanied by triggered emissions. Simultaneous observations near (∼30 km) HAARP show 2‐hop signals which travel to the northern hemisphere upon reflection from the ionosphere in the south. Multiple reflected signals, up to 10‐hop, are detected, with the signal dispersing and evolving in shape, indicative of re‐amplification and re‐triggering of emissions during successive traversals of the equatorial interaction regions.