Premium
On smoothing potentially non‐stationary climate time series
Author(s) -
Mann Michael E.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/2004gl019569
Subject(s) - smoothing , series (stratigraphy) , northern hemisphere , climatology , southern hemisphere , north atlantic oscillation , environmental science , time series , term (time) , econometrics , meteorology , geology , mathematics , statistics , geography , physics , paleontology , quantum mechanics
A simple approach to the smoothing of a potentially non‐stationary time series is presented which provides an optimal choice among three alternative, readily motivated and easily implemented boundary constraints. This method is applied to the smoothing of the instrumental Northern Hemisphere (NH) annual mean and cold‐season North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) time series, yielding an objective estimate of the smoothed decadal‐scale variations in these series including long‐term trends.