Open AccessContribution of mass‐dependent fractionation to the oxygen isotope anomaly of atmospheric nitrous oxide
Author(s) -
Kaiser Jan,
Röckmann Thomas,
Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: atmospheres
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/2003jd004088
Subject(s) - mass independent fractionation , anomaly (physics) , isotopes of oxygen , nitrous oxide , isotope , isotope fractionation , photodissociation , oxygen isotope ratio cycle , oxygen , isotopic signature , ozone , kinetic isotope effect , stable isotope ratio , chemistry , stratosphere , fractionation , geology , atmospheric sciences , photochemistry , physics , atomic physics , deuterium , organic chemistry , condensed matter physics , quantum mechanics , nuclear chemistry
Similar to other oxygen‐bearing atmospheric compounds, lower‐stratospheric and tropospheric nitrous oxide (N 2 O) show an oxygen isotope anomaly. This anomaly can be explained by in situ atmospheric chemical sources that transfer the well‐known oxygen isotope anomaly of ozone to N 2 O. The isotope anomaly of ozone, in turn, is caused by non‐mass‐dependent fractionation during its formation. Nevertheless, recent work claimed that photodissociation of stratospheric N 2 O could account for up to half of the observed anomaly in N 2 O without having to invoke chemical N 2 O sources. It is shown that this prediction is due to the choice of inadequate parameters in the specific underlying physicochemical model of isotopic fractionation in N 2 O photolysis. Budget calculations based on experimentally measured fractionation factors at stratospherically relevant wavelengths show only negligible contributions of N 2 O photolysis to the observed oxygen isotope anomaly. However, biological sources at the Earth's surface, which are usually considered to produce mass‐dependently fractionated N 2 O, may actually be responsible for part of the observed anomaly. This is as a consequence of slight variations in the mass‐dependent relationships between 17 O and 18 O isotope effects and the relationship assumed in the definition of the oxygen isotope anomaly. Up to 44% of the observed anomaly might be explained by this “numerical source” that was not recognized previously. As a prerequisite to understand this possibly surprising result, the existing definitions of isotope anomalies and their practical consequences are analyzed. An accurate terminology will also benefit future generations of researchers in the rapidly growing fields of atmospheric isotope chemistry and physics.