z-logo
open-access-imgOpen Access
Hydrothermal venting at Vailulu'u Seamount: The smoking end of the Samoan chain
Author(s) -
Staudigel H.,
Hart S. R.,
Koppers A. A. P.,
Constable C.,
Workman R.,
Kurz M.,
Baker E. T.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.928
H-Index - 136
ISSN - 1525-2027
DOI - 10.1029/2003gc000626
Subject(s) - impact crater , seamount , hydrothermal circulation , geology , crater lake , hydrothermal vent , volcano , water column , geochemistry , oceanography , seismology , astronomy , physics
The summit crater of Vailulu'u Seamount, the youngest volcano in the Samoan chain, hosts an active hydrothermal system with profound impact on the ocean water column inside and around its crater (2 km wide and 407 m deep at a 593 m summit depth). The turbidity of the ocean water reaches 1.4 NTU, values that are higher than in any other submarine hydrothermal system. The water is enriched in hydrothermal Mn (3.8 ppb) and 3 He (1 × 10 −11 cc/g) and we measured water temperature anomalies near the crater floor up to 0.2°C. The hydrothermal system shows complex interactions with the ocean currents around Vailulu'u that include tidally‐modulated vertical motions of about 40–50 m, and replenishment of waters into the crater through breaches in the upper half of the crater wall. Inside and outside potential density gradients suggest that hydrothermal venting exports substantial amounts of water from the crater (1.3 ± 0.2 × 10 8 m 3 /day), which is in good agreement with fluxes obtained from a tracer release experiment inside the crater of Vailulu'u (0.8 × 10 8 m 3 /day [ Hart et al. , 2003]). This mass flux, in combination with the differences in the inside and outside crater temperature, yields a power output of around 760 megawatts, the equivalent of 20–100 MOR black smokers. The Mn output of 300 kg/day is approximately ten times the output of a single black smoker.

The content you want is available to Zendy users.

Already have an account? Click here to sign in.
Having issues? You can contact us here