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Effect of water table drawdown on northern peatland methane dynamics: Implications for climate change
Author(s) -
Strack M.,
Waddington J. M.,
Tuittila E.S.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
global biogeochemical cycles
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.512
H-Index - 187
eISSN - 1944-9224
pISSN - 0886-6236
DOI - 10.1029/2003gb002209
Subject(s) - peat , water table , environmental science , evapotranspiration , hydrology (agriculture) , drawdown (hydrology) , climate change , methane , atmospheric sciences , groundwater , ecology , geology , oceanography , geotechnical engineering , aquifer , biology
As natural sources of methane (CH 4 ), peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle. Climate models predict that evapotranspiration will increase under a 2 × CO 2 scenario due to increased temperatures leading to lowered water tables at many northern latitudes. Given that the position of the water table within a peatland can have a large effect on CH 4 emissions, climate change may alter the CH 4 emissions from peatlands in this area. Research was conducted during 2001–2003 on natural and drained (8 years prior) sites within a poor fen in central Quebec. Flux measurements were made for each site at different microtopographical features that varied in depth to water table and vegetation cover. The quantity of CH 4 dissolved in the pore water was measured in the field and the potential of the peat for CH 4 production and consumption was determined in the laboratory. Methane emissions and storage were lower in the drained fen. Growing season CH 4 emissions at the drained site were 55% lower than the control site, primarily due to significantly reduced fluxes from topographic highs (up to 97% reduction), while the flux from topographically low areas remained high. The maintenance of high fluxes at these hollow sites was related to hydrological and ecological effects of the water table drawdown. The removal of standing water removed a potential zone of CH 4 oxidation. It also enabled plant colonization at these locations, leading to an increase in gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP). At the hollow sites, seasonal CH 4 emissions were significantly correlated to seasonal GEP ( R 2 = 0.85). These results suggest that the response of northern peatland CH 4 dynamics to climate change depends on the antecedent moisture conditions of the site. Moreover, ecological succession can play an important role for determining future CH 4 emissions, particularly from wetter sites.