First measurements of the Twomey indirect effect using ground‐based remote sensors

We demonstrate first measurements of the aerosol indirect effect using ground‐based remote sensors at a continental US site. The response of nonprecipitating, ice‐free clouds to changes in aerosol loading is quantified in terms of a relative change in cloud‐drop effective radius for a relative change in aerosol extinction under conditions of equivalent cloud liquid water path. This is done in a single column of air at a temporal resolution of 20 s (spatial resolution of ∼100 m). Cloud‐drop effective radius is derived from a cloud radar and microwave radiometer. Aerosol extinction is measured below cloud base by a Raman lidar. Results suggest that aerosols associated with maritime or northerly air trajectories tend to have a stronger effect on clouds than aerosols associated with northwesterly trajectories that also have local influence. There is good correlation (0.67) between the cloud response and a measure of cloud turbulence.