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Effects of pipe flow and bedrock groundwater on runoff generation in a steep headwater catchment in Ashiu, central Japan
Author(s) -
Uchida Taro,
Kosugi Ken'ichirou,
Mizuyama Takahisa
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1029/2001wr000261
Subject(s) - streamflow , surface runoff , hydrology (agriculture) , bedrock , groundwater , subsurface flow , groundwater flow , geology , hydraulic conductivity , base flow , groundwater discharge , environmental science , aquifer , drainage basin , soil water , soil science , geomorphology , geotechnical engineering , ecology , cartography , biology , geography
It has been suggested that pipe flow and bedrock groundwater play important roles in storm runoff generation. We examined the effects of pipe flow on storm runoff generation and the roles of bedrock groundwater in rainfall‐runoff phenomena in a steep headwater catchment in central Japan. Measurements of pore water pressures, pipe flow, and streamflow showed that when the total rainfall amount was <30 mm, the runoff process could be explained by Darcy's law using the saturated hydraulic conductivity values core samples. When the total rainfall was >70 mm, the dominant runoff process shifted to pipe flow. Temperature measurements indicated four key points: (1) During base flow conditions (streamflow <0.1 mm h −1 ), bedrock groundwater dominated streamflow; (2) during storm flow conditions (streamflow >0.2 mm h −1 ) the source of pipe flow was the same as the streamflow; (3) the transient groundwater at the upper hillslope was commonly dominated by the preevent soil water; and (4) only after the large storms with wet antecedent conditions, was water emerging from the bedrock and mixing with preevent soil water in the transient saturated area at the upper hillslope. Both the hydrometric and temperature measurements indicated that once pipe flow occurs, the contributing area of streamflow extended to upper hillslope, and the transient groundwater at the upper hillslope was delivered to the stream via preferential flow paths, shortcutting the normal mixing process through the soil matrix.