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A simplified model for the transient water budget of a shallow unsaturated zone
Author(s) -
Simmons Carver S.,
Meyer Philip D.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
water resources research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.863
H-Index - 217
eISSN - 1944-7973
pISSN - 0043-1397
DOI - 10.1029/2000wr900202
Subject(s) - lysimeter , hydraulic conductivity , infiltration (hvac) , surface runoff , evapotranspiration , drainage , saturation (graph theory) , soil science , hydrology (agriculture) , environmental science , soil water , vadose zone , geology , geotechnical engineering , mathematics , materials science , ecology , combinatorics , biology , composite material
A simplified model describing the transient water budget of a shallow unsaturated soil profile is presented and applied to an example of long‐term climatic conditions for a site near Coshocton, Ohio. Its conceptualization is simplified because the instantaneous redistribution of infiltrated water in a uniform soil profile is imposed. The model's formulation is a revision of that originally presented by Kim et al . [1996]. Runoff from a soil profile with uniform hydraulic properties is described by using an infiltration equation derived by Salvucci [1996] for ponded conditions. During storm periods the infiltration rate equals the rainfall intensity, unless that rate exceeds the saturated hydraulic conductivity, and then the input rate is determined by the infiltration equation for ponded conditions, with the excess applied water being accounted for as runoff. During interstorm periods, when the soil profile is drying due to evapotranspiration (ET) and drainage, the ET rate equals the potential evapotranspiration rate E p , until the soil profile relative saturation s drops below a certain falling value of saturation S f . When s < S f , then the ET rate is linearly proportional to s as given by ( s/S f ) E p . Drainage flux from a profile equals the hydraulic conductivity under a unit hydraulic gradient. Drainage for a 50‐year‐long record of climate on a daily basis for the Coshocton site compared well with measurements from four lysimeters. It is shown that the effective saturated hydraulic conductivity for the profile is determined by the runoff amount over the simulation period, and the value of S f can be set so that the predicted drainage approximates that measured by lysimeters. This determines the appropriate cumulative ET for the site consistent with the climate data. The appropriate value of S f also depends on the presumed profile depth, which is the plant root depth over which ET is extracted.