Complete wave‐vector directions of electromagnetic emissions: Application to INTERBALL‐2 measurements in the nightside auroral zone

We present several newly developed methods for wave propagation analysis. They are based on simultaneous measurement of three magnetic field components and one or two electric field components. The purpose of these techniques is to estimate complete wave vector direction and the refractive index. All the analysis results are validated by well defined simulated data. Propagation analysis of natural emissions in the night‐side auroral zone at high altitudes is done using the data of the MEMO (Mesures Multicomposantes des Ondes) experiment onboard INTERBALL‐2. The results show that a bursty whistler mode emission propagates toward the Earth near the resonance cone. Upward propagating auroral kilometric radiation in the R‐X mode represents another example demonstrating the potential of such analysis for future applications.