Open AccessMars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) observations of dust opacity during aerobraking and science phasing
Author(s) -
Smith Michael D.,
Pearl John C.,
Conrath Barney J.,
Christensen Philip R.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
journal of geophysical research: planets
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.67
H-Index - 298
eISSN - 2156-2202
pISSN - 0148-0227
DOI - 10.1029/1999je001097
Subject(s) - dust storm , mars exploration program , atmosphere of mars , atmospheric sciences , atmosphere (unit) , northern hemisphere , southern hemisphere , storm , environmental science , geology , martian , astrobiology , climatology , physics , meteorology , oceanography
The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at Mars in September 1997 near Mars's southern spring equinox and has now provided monitoring of conditions in the Mars atmosphere for more than half a Mars year. The large majority of the spectra taken by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) are in a nadir geometry (downward looking mode) where Mars is observed through the atmosphere. Most of these contain the distinct spectral signature of atmospheric dust. For these nadirgeometry spectra we retrieve column‐integrated infrared aerosol (dust) opacities. TES observations during the aerobraking and science‐phasing portions of the MGS mission cover the seasonal range L s = 184°–28°. Excellent spatial coverage was obtained in the southern hemisphere. Northern hemisphere coverage is generally limited to narrow strips taken during the periapsis pass but is still very valuable. At the beginning of the mission the 9‐μm dust opacity at midsouthern latitudes was low (0.15–0.25). As the season advanced through southern spring and into summer, TES observed several regional dust storms (including the Noachis dust storm of November 1997) where peak 9‐μm dust opacities approached or exceeded unity, as well as numerous smaller local storms. Both large and small dust storms exhibited significant changes in both spatial coverage and intensity over a timescale of a day. Throughout southern spring and summer the region at the edge of the retreating southern seasonal polar ice cap was observed to be consistently more dusty than other latitudes.