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Tropospheric carbon monoxide and hydrogen measurements over Kalimantan in Indonesia and northern Australia during October, 1997
Author(s) -
Sawa Yousuke,
Matsueda Hidekazu,
Tsutsumi Yukitomo,
Jensen Jørgen B.,
Inoue Hisayuki Y.,
Makino Yukio
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
geophysical research letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.007
H-Index - 273
eISSN - 1944-8007
pISSN - 0094-8276
DOI - 10.1029/1999gl900247
Subject(s) - haze , trace gas , smoke , carbon monoxide , environmental science , troposphere , mixing ratio , atmospheric sciences , biomass burning , environmental chemistry , atmosphere (unit) , aerosol , chemistry , meteorology , geography , geology , catalysis , biochemistry
During the PACE‐5 campaign over Australia and Indonesia in October 1997, we used an aircraft to measure carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ). Latitudinal distributions of CO and H 2 clearly showed a large increase from northern Australia to Kalimantan in Indonesia. Elevated CO levels over northern Australia were observed only in the smoke plumes of savanna fires. A thick smoke haze from forest fires over Kalimantan contained very high CO mixing ratios of 3 to 9 ppm. These enhanced CO mixing ratios correlated well with increased concentrations of H 2 , nitrogen oxides (NO x ), and aerosols. Emission ratios from biomass burning in Kalimantan ranged 0.06 0.1 for H 2 /CO (ppb/ppb), 0.0002 to 0.0005 for NO x /CO (ppb/ppb), and 0.43 to 1.0 for number of aerosols/CO (cm −3 /ppb). These values were much lower than emission ratios in northern Australia. This difference suggests that the biomass burning in Indonesia was intense and that, due to a strong El Niño event, an unique composition of trace gases was formed in the smoke haze.