Effects of a mid‐latitude solar eclipse on the thermosphere and ionosphere ‐ A modelling study

A modelling study is presented which investigates in‐situ generated changes of the thermosphere and ionosphere during a solar eclipse. Neutral temperatures are expected to drop by up to 40°K at 240 km height in the totality footprint, with neutral winds of up to 26 m/s responding to the change of pressure. Both temperatures and winds are found to respond with a time lag of 30 min after the passing of the Moon's shadow. A gravity wave is generated in the neutral atmosphere and propagates into the opposite hemisphere at around 300 m/s. The combined effects of thermal cooling and downwelling lead to an overall increase in [O], while [ N 2 ] initially rises and then for several hours after the eclipse is below the “steady state” level. An enhancement of [NmF2] is found and explained by the atmosphere's contraction during, and the reduced [O]/[ N 2 ] ratio after the eclipse.