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The Community Response to Rape: Victims' Experiences with the Legal, Medical, and Mental Health Systems
Author(s) -
Campbell Rebecca
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
american journal of community psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.113
H-Index - 112
eISSN - 1573-2770
pISSN - 0091-0562
DOI - 10.1023/a:1022155003633
Subject(s) - mental health , health psychology , psychological intervention , legal psychology , psychology , multilevel model , public health , poison control , suicide prevention , ecological systems theory , cluster (spacecraft) , human factors and ergonomics , psychiatry , clinical psychology , social psychology , medicine , environmental health , nursing , machine learning , computer science , programming language
This research examined how the legal, medical, and mental health systems respond to the needs of rape victims. A national random sample of rape victim advocates ( N = 168) participated in a phone interview that assessed the resources available to victims in their communities. as well as the specific experiences of the most recent rape victim with which they had completed work. Results from hierarchical and iterative cluster analysis revealed three patterns in victims' experiences with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. One group of victims had relatively positive experiences with all three systems, a second group had beneficial outcomes with only the medical systems, and the final group had difficult encounters with all three systems. Multinominal logistic regression was then used to evaluate an ecological model predicting cluster membership. Community‐level factors as well as features of the assault and characteristics of the victims predicted unique variance in victims' outcomes with the legal, medical, and mental health systems. These findings provide empirical support for a basic tenet of ecological theory: environmental structures and practices influence individual outcomes. Implications for ecological theory and interventions to improve the community response to rape victims' needs are discussed.