Open AccessQuantification of the Interaction Forces between Metals and Graphene by Quantum Chemical Calculations and Dynamic Force Measurements under Ambient Conditions
Author(s) -
Petr Lazar,
Shuai Zhang,
Klára Šafářová,
Qiang Li,
Jens P. Froning,
Jaroslav Granatier,
Pavel Hobza,
Radek Zbořil,
Flemming Besenbacher,
Mingdong Dong,
Michal Otyepka
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
acs nano
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.554
H-Index - 382
eISSN - 1936-086X
pISSN - 1936-0851
DOI - 10.1021/nn305608a
Subject(s) - graphene , van der waals force , density functional theory , materials science , nanotechnology , chemical physics , atomic force microscopy , metal , copper , molecular dynamics , computational chemistry , molecule , chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics , metallurgy
The two-dimensional material graphene has numerous potential applications in nano(opto)electronics, which inevitably involve metal graphene interfaces.Theoretical approaches have been employed to examine metal graphene interfaces, but experimental evidence is currently lacking. Here, we combine atomic force microscopy (AFM) based dynamic force measurements and density functional theory calculations to quantify the interaction between metal-coated AFM tips and graphene under ambient conditions. The results show that copper has the strongest affinity to graphene among the studied metals (Cu, Ag, Au, Pt, Si), which has important implications for the construction of a new generation of electronic devices. Observed differences in the nature of the metal-graphene bonding are well reproduced by the calculations, which included nonlocal Hartree-Fock exchange and van der Waals effects.