Porosity Dependence of Compression and Lattice Rigidity in Metal–Organic Framework Series

Porous materials, including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are known to undergo structural changes when subjected to applied hydrostatic pressures that are both fundamentally interesting and practically relevant. With the rich structural diversity of MOFs, the development of design rules to better understand and enhance the mechanical stability of MOFs is of paramount importance. In this work, the compressibilities of seven MOFs belonging to two topological families (representing the most comprehensive study of this type to date) were evaluated using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction of samples within a diamond anvil cell. The judicious selection of these materials, representing widely studied classes of MOFs, provides broadly applicable insight into the rigidity and compression of hybrid materials. An analysis of these data reveals that the bulk modulus depends on several structural parameters (e.g., void fraction and linker length). Furthermore, we find that lattice distortions play a major role in the compression of MOFs. This study is an important step toward developing a predictive model of the structural variables that dictate the compressibility of porous materials.