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New Culture Approaches for Yessotoxin Production from the Dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum
Author(s) -
José Gallardo Rodríguez Juan,
del Carmen Cerón García María,
Camacho Francisco García,
Sánchez Mirón Asterio,
Belarbi El Hassan,
Grima Emilio Molina
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
biotechnology progress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.572
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6033
pISSN - 8756-7938
DOI - 10.1021/bp060221u
Subject(s) - dinoflagellate , nitrate , nutrient , phosphate , biology , cell culture , chemically defined medium , botany , food science , algae , strain (injury) , chromatography , chemistry , biochemistry , in vitro , ecology , anatomy , genetics
Fed‐batch and perfusion cultures were carried out in a traditional glass 2‐L bioreactor with the toxic dinoflagellate Protoceratium reticulatum . The maximum cell concentration obtained was 2.3 × 10 5 cell·mL −1 , which is almost 1 order of magnitude higher than the maximum previously referenced for this species. L1 medium was shown to be clearly deficient in nitrate and phosphate for this strain, and addition of highly concentrated aliquots of these nutrients allowed higher cell concentrations to be obtained. This species consumed high amounts of nitrate and phosphate, 2.1 × 10 ‐ 3 and 2.3 × 10 ‐ 4 μmol·h −1 ·cell −1 , respectively. However, this consumption produced a very low number of cells compared to other classes of microalgae, indicating that this species is, like other dinoflagellates, a poor competitor in terms of utilization of inorganic nutrients. Higher production of toxins and pigments was strongly associated with cell number in the culture, with maximum values of 700 ng·mL −1 and 1321 μg·mL −1 , respectively. Most yessotoxins remained within the cells and not in the cell‐free culture medium, and their production was not related to either the age of the culture or the cell growth phase.