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TNT Phytotransformation Pathway Characteristics in Arabidopsis : Role of Aromatic Hydroxylamines
Author(s) -
Subramanian Murali,
Oliver David J.,
Shanks Jacqueline V.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
biotechnology progress
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.572
H-Index - 129
eISSN - 1520-6033
pISSN - 8756-7938
DOI - 10.1021/bp050241g
Subject(s) - arabidopsis , chemistry , computational biology , biology , biochemistry , gene , mutant
Basic knowledge of the plant transformation pathways of TNT will aid phytoremediation design and assessment. While TNT transformation by plant metabolism has been demonstrated in previous studies, the presence and role of hydroxylamines in the transformation pathway has not been sufficiently understood. Hydroxylamines are unequivocally shown to be formed by plant transformation of TNT by two axenic plant systems ( Arabidopsis thaliana and Catharanthus roseus ). In addition, confirmation was obtained for conversion of these hydroxylamines to previously identified conjugates. Further characteristics of TNT transformation in Arabidopsis , an increasingly popular model system for genetic and biochemical studies of TNT transformation, were elucidated by [U‐ 14 C]TNT mass balance studies and metabolite feeding studies. These studies showed the rapid conversion of TNT to unextractable bound compounds by Arabidopsis seedlings in agreement with the green‐liver model. Arabidopsis seedlings formed and transformed 4‐substituted metabolites more efficiently than the 2‐substituted metabolites. A qualitative kinetic rate analysis of the pathway was performed to propose rate‐limiting steps in the pathway and theoretical schemes for improved rates are suggested.