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Grafting of guar gum (GG) and in situ strategic attachment of acrylamidosodiumpropanoate (ASP) via solution polymerization of acrylamide (AM) and sodium acrylate (SA) resulted in the synthesis of a sustainable GG- g -(AM- co -SA- co -ASP)/GGAMSAASP interpenetrating polymer network (IPN)-based smart superadsorbent with excellent physicochemical properties and reusability, through systematic optimization by response surface methodology (RSM) for removal of methyl violet (MV) and/or Hg(II). The relative effects of SA/AM ratios, in situ allocation of ASP, grafting of GG into the AMSAASP terpolymer, ligand-selective superadsorption mechanism, and relative microstructural changes in individually/synergistically-adsorbed MV-/Hg(II)-/Hg(II)-MV-GGAMSAASPs were determined by extensive analyses using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and O 1s-/N 1s-/C 1s-/Hg 4f 7/2,5/2 -X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy and were supported by % gel content, pH PZC , and % graft ratio. The ionic/covalent-bonding, monodentate, bidentate bridging, and bidentate chelating coordination between GGAMSAASPs and Hg(II), and MV + -Hg(II) bonding were rationalized by FTIR, UV-vis, fitment of kinetics data to the pseudo-second-order model, and thermodynamic parameters. The maximum adsorption capacities of 49.12 and 53.28 mg g -1 were determined for Hg(II) and MV, respectively, under optimized conditions.

Guar Gum-Grafted Terpolymer Hydrogels for Ligand-Selective Individual and Synergistic Adsorption: Effect of Comonomer Composition