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Escherichia coli is a harmful Gram-negative bacterium commonly found in the gut of warm-blooded organisms and affects millions of people annually worldwide. In this study, we have synthesized a ZnO-CuO nanocomposite (NC) by a co-precipitation method and characterized the as-synthesized NC using FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and FESEM techniques. To fabricate the immunosensor, the ZnO-CuO NC composite was screen-printed on gold-plated electrodes followed by physisorption of the anti-LPS E. coli antibody. The biosensor was optimized for higher specificity and sensitivity. The immunosensor exhibited a high sensitivity (11.04 μA CFU mL -1 ) with a low detection limit of 2 CFU mL -1 with a redox couple. The improved performance of the immunosensor is attributed to the synergistic effect of the NC and the antilipopolysaccharide antibody agains E. coli . The selectivity studies were also carried out with Staphylococcus aureus o assess the specificity of the immunosensor. Testing in milk samples was done by spiking the milk samples with different concentrations of E. coli o check the potential of this immunosensor. We further checked the affinity between ZnO-CuO NC with E. coli LPS and the anti-LPS antibody using molecular docking studies. Atomic charge computation and interaction analyses were performed to support our hypothesis. Our results discern that there is a strong correlation between molecular docking studies and electrochemical characterization. The interaction analysis further displays the strong affinity between the antibody-LPS complex when immobilized with a nanoparticle composite (ZnO-CuO).

In Silicoand Electrochemical Studies for a ZnO–CuO-Based Immunosensor for Sensitive and Selective Detection ofE. coli