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The objective of this study is to fabricate an electrode by frictional sliding caused by a rough paper surface. The pressure exerted during drawing induces adsorption of the graphite particles by the rough paper and simultaneously reduces the surface roughness of the paper electrode. Repetitive drawing in one-way direction reduced the roughness of the paper surface, decreasing the grain boundaries of graphite. This increases the electron pathway at the electrode, thus reducing the resistance to less than 50 Ω. At the same time, repetitive drawing could confirm that unstable errors caused by the hand could help converge within a certain margin of error. We quantified the relationship between pressure and resistance when drawing on the electrode using a pencil hardness tester. In addition, the electrodes formed by repeated drawing generated a new surface grain and boundary, parallel to the drawing direction, and changed the electrode characteristics with respect to the drawing direction. The grain boundary difference based on the drawing direction was measured via a heating test of the foldable device, a sound pressure level, and laser scattering vibrometer measurements of a linear speaker. The fabricated graphite electrodes can be used in disposable foldable paper electronics because they are prepared using inexpensive materials.

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Vertically and Horizontally Drawing Formation of Graphite Pencil Electrodes on Paper by Frictional Sliding for a Disposable and Foldable Electronic Device