Synthesis and Characterization of Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity with Li+-Doping Nanosized TiO2 Catalyst

The photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 is reduced by rapid electron-hole recombination. An effective approach to address this limitation is to have TiO 2 doped with various metal ions or heteroatoms. Herein, we prepared a series of Li + -doped TiO 2 nanoparticles showing high photocatalytic activities through the sol-gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface area analyses. Effects of Li + doping on the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, crystallite size, phase transformation temperature, and phase composition were studied. The results showed that Li + doping can promote the generation of the rutile crystal phase in TiO 2 , lower the anatase-to-rutile transformation temperature, and generate the mixed-crystal effect. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) was used as a probe reaction to evaluate the photoactivity of the nanoparticles. Parameters affecting the photocatalytic efficiency, including the Li + doping amount, calcination temperature, and catalyst amount, as well as the kinetics of the photocatalytic process toward the degradation of MO, were investigated. The mixed-crystal TiO 2 , which was doped with 1.0 mol % Li + and calcined at 550 °C containing 27.1% rutile and 72.9% anatase phase, showed a 2.2-fold increase in the photoactivity on the basis of the rate constant of MO decomposition as compared with the undoped TiO 2 . The existence of a definite quantity of rutile phase could effectively inhibit the recombination of the electron-hole pairs, thus promoting photocatalytic activity.