Open AccessAccelerated Bone Regeneration by Two-Photon Photoactivated Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Author(s) -
Jitendra N. Tiwari,
Young Kyo Seo,
Taeseung Yoon,
Wang Geun Lee,
Woo Jong Cho,
Muhammad Yousuf,
Ahmad M. Harzandi,
Du-Seok Kang,
Kwang S. Kim,
PannGhill Suh
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
acs nano
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.554
H-Index - 382
eISSN - 1936-086X
pISSN - 1936-0851
DOI - 10.1021/acsnano.6b07138
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , microbiology and biotechnology , materials science , runx2 , osteoblast , stem cell , cellular differentiation , cell growth , biophysics , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , in vitro , gene
Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) present promising opportunities for therapeutic medicine. Carbon derivatives showed only marginal enhancement in stem cell differentiation toward bone formation. Here we report that red-light absorbing carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ) sheets lead to remarkable proliferation and osteogenic differentiation by runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) activation, a key transcription factor associated with osteoblast differentiation. Accordingly, highly effective hBMSCs-driven mice bone regeneration under red light is achieved (91% recovery after 4 weeks compared to 36% recovery in the standard control group in phosphate-buffered saline without red light). This fast bone regeneration is attributed to the deep penetration strength of red light into cellular membranes via tissue and the resulting efficient cell stimulation by enhanced photocurrent upon two-photon excitation of C 3 N 4 sheets near cells. Given that the photoinduced charge transfer can increase cytosolic Ca 2+ accumulation, this increase would promote nucleotide synthesis and cellular proliferation/differentiation. The cell stimulation enhances hBMSC differentiation toward bone formation, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of near-infrared two-photon absorption of C 3 N 4 sheets in bone regeneration and fracture healing.