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3D Detection of Lithiation and Lithium Plating in Graphite Anodes during Fast Charging
Author(s) -
Alec S. Ho,
Dilworth Y. Parkinson,
Donal P. Finegan,
Stephen E. Trask,
Andrew N. Jansen,
Wei Tong,
Nitash P. Balsara
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
acs nano
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 5.554
H-Index - 382
eISSN - 1936-086X
pISSN - 1936-0851
DOI - 10.1021/acsnano.1c02942
Subject(s) - graphite , separator (oil production) , electrode , anode , materials science , lithium (medication) , current collector , plating (geology) , ion , composite material , chemistry , electrolyte , medicine , physics , thermodynamics , endocrinology , organic chemistry , geophysics , geology
A barrier to the widespread adoption of electric vehicles is enabling fast charging lithium-ion batteries. At normal charging rates, lithium ions intercalate into the graphite electrode. At high charging rates, lithiation is inhomogeneous, and metallic lithium can plate on the graphite particles, reducing capacity and causing safety concerns. We have built a cell for conducting high-resolution in situ X-ray microtomography experiments to quantify three-dimensional lithiation inhomogeneity and lithium plating. Our studies reveal an unexpected correlation between these two phenomena. During fast charging, a layer of mossy lithium metal plates at the graphite electrode-separator interface. The transport bottlenecks resulting from this layer lead to underlithiated graphite particles well-removed from the separator, near the current collector. These underlithiated particles lie directly underneath the mossy lithium, suggesting that lithium plating inhibits further lithiation of the underlying electrode.

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