Identification of Brillouin Zones by In-Plane Lasing from Light-Cone Surface Lattice Resonances

Because of translational symmetry, electromagnetic fields confined within 2D periodic optical structures can be represented within the first Brillouin zone (BZ). In contrast, the wavevectors of scattered electromagnetic fields outside the lattice are constrained by the 3D light cone, the free-photon dispersion in the surrounding medium. Here, we report that light-cone surface lattice resonances (SLRs) from plasmonic nanoparticle lattices can be used to observe the radiated electromagnetic fields from extended BZ edges. Our coupled dipole radiation theory reveals how lattice geometry and induced surface plasmon dipole orientation affect angular distributions of the radiated fields. Using dye molecules as local dipole emitters to excite the light-cone SLR modes, we experimentally identified high-order BZ edges by directional, in-plane lasing emission. These results provide insight into nanolaser architectures that can emit at multiple wavelengths and in-plane directions simply by rotating the nanocavity lattice.