Open AccessIDG-SW3 Osteocyte Differentiation and Bone Extracellular Matrix Deposition Are Enhanced in a 3D Matrix Metalloproteinase-Sensitive Hydrogel
Author(s) -
Aaron H. Aziz,
Rachel L Wilmoth,
Virginia L. Ferguson,
Stephanie J. Bryant
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
acs applied bio materials
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.764
H-Index - 17
ISSN - 2576-6422
DOI - 10.1021/acsabm.9b01227
Subject(s) - self healing hydrogels , osteocyte , extracellular matrix , chemistry , dmp1 , biophysics , osteoblast , alkaline phosphatase , microbiology and biotechnology , materials science , biochemistry , in vitro , biology , polymer chemistry , viral matrix protein , gene , enzyme
Osteocytes reside within a heavily mineralized matrix making them difficult to study in vivo and to extract for studies in vitro . IDG-SW3 cells are capable of producing mineralized collagen matrix and transitioning from osteoblasts to mature osteocytes, thus offering an alternative to study osteoblast to late osteocyte differentiation in vitro . The goal for this work was to develop a 3D degradable hydrogel to support IDG-SW3 differentiation and deposition of bone ECM. In 2D, the genes Mmp2 and Mmp13 increased during IDG-SW3 differentiation and were used as targets to create a MMP-sensitive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel containing the peptide crosslink GCGPLG-LWARCG and RGD to promote cell attachment. IDG-SW3 differentiation in the MMP-sensitive hydrogels improved over non-degradable hydrogels and standard 2D culture. Alkaline phosphatase activity at day 14 was higher, Dmp1 and Phex were 8.1-fold and 3.8-fold higher, respectively, and DMP1 protein expression was more pronounced in the MMP-sensitive hydrogels compared to non-degradable hydrogels. Cell-encapsulation density (cells/ml precursor) influenced formation of dendrite-like cellular process and mineral and collagen deposition with 80×10 6 performing better than 2×10 6 or 20×10 6 , while connexin 43 was not affected by cell density. The cell density effects were more pronounced in the MMP-sensitive hydrogels over non-degradable hydrogels. This study identified that high cell encapsulation density and a hydrogel susceptible to cell-mediated degradation enhanced mineralized collagen matrix and osteocyte differentiation. Overall, a promising hydrogel is presented that supports IDG-SW3 cell maturation from osteoblasts to osteocytes in 3D.