Open AccessGallium Mesoporphyrin IX-Mediated Photodestruction: A Pharmacological Trojan Horse Strategy To Eliminate Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Author(s) -
Klaudia Szymczak,
Michał Rychłowski,
Martyna Krupińska,
Grzegorz Szewczyk,
Tadeusz Sarna,
Joankonieczna
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
molecular pharmaceutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.13
H-Index - 127
eISSN - 1543-8392
pISSN - 1543-8384
DOI - 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00993
Subject(s) - chemistry , phototoxicity , photodynamic therapy , photosensitizer , staphylococcus aureus , antimicrobial , cytotoxicity , efflux , ligand (biochemistry) , receptor , biophysics , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , in vitro , bacteria , photochemistry , biology , organic chemistry , genetics
One of the factors determining efficient antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) is the accumulation of a light-activated compound, namely, a photosensitizer (PS). Targeted PS recognition is the approach based on the interaction between the membrane receptor on the bacterial surface and the PS, whereas the compound is efficiently accumulated by the same mechanism as the natural ligand. In this study, we showed that gallium mesoporphyrin IX (Ga 3+ MPIX) provided dual functionality─iron metabolism disruption and PS properties in aPDI. Ga 3+ MPIX induced efficient (>5log 10 reduction in CFU/mL) bacterial photodestruction with excitation in the area of Q band absorption with relatively low eukaryotic cytotoxicity and phototoxicity. The Ga 3+ MPIX is recognized by the same systems as haem by the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd). However, the impairment in the ATPase of the haem detoxification efflux pump was the most sensitive to the Ga 3+ MPIX-mediated aPDI phenotype. This indicates that changes within the metalloporphyrin structure (vinyl vs ethyl groups) did not significantly alter the properties of recognition of the compound but influenced its biophysical properties.