Open AccessCytotoxic Naphthoquinone Analogues, Including Heterodimers, and Their Structure Elucidation Using LR-HSQMBC NMR Experiments
Author(s) -
Laura FloresBocanegra,
Huzefa A. Raja,
Jeffrey W. Bacon,
Amanda Maldonado,
Joanna E. Burdette,
Cedric J. Pearce,
Nicholas H. Oberlies
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of natural products
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.976
H-Index - 139
eISSN - 1520-6025
pISSN - 0163-3864
DOI - 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00856
Subject(s) - chemistry , heteronuclear molecule , electrospray ionization , stereochemistry , cytotoxicity , two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , natural product , mass spectrometry , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , in vitro , chromatography , biochemistry
Approximately 1700 naphthoquinones have been reported from a range of natural product source materials, but only 283 have been isolated from fungi, fewer than 75 of those were dimers, and only 2 were heterodimers with a head-to-tail linkage. During a search for anticancer leads from fungi, a series of new naphthoquinones ( 1 - 4 ), including two heterodimers ( 3 and 4 ), were isolated from Pyrenochaetopsis sp. (strain MSX63693). In addition, the previously reported 5-hydroxy-6-(1-hydroxyethyl)-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione ( 5 ), misakimycin ( 6 ), 5-hydroxy-6-[1-(acetyloxy)ethyl]-2,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthalenedione ( 7 ), 6-ethyl-2,7-dimethoxyjuglone ( 8 ), and kirschsteinin ( 9 ) were isolated. While the structure elucidation of 1 - 9 was achieved using procedures common for natural products chemistry studies (high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D NMR), the elucidation of the heterodimers was facilitated substantially by data from the long-range heteronuclear single quantum multiple bond correlation (LR-HSQMBC) experiment. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by analysis of the measured vs calculated ECD data. The racemic mixture of 4 was established via X-ray crystallography of an analogue that incorporated a heavy atom. All compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the human cancer cells lines MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), MDA-MB-231 (breast), and OVCAR3 (ovarian), where the IC 50 values ranged between 1 and 20 μM.