Open AccessSubverting Hedgehog Protein Autoprocessing by Chemical Induction of Paracatalysis
Author(s) -
Carl R. Smith,
Andrew G. Wagner,
Robert T. Stagnitta,
Zihan Xu,
John L. Pezzullo,
JoséLuis Giner,
Jierui Xie,
Douglas F. Covey,
Chunyu Wang,
Brian P. Callahan
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
biochemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.43
H-Index - 253
eISSN - 1520-4995
pISSN - 0006-2960
DOI - 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00013
Subject(s) - chemistry , hedgehog , activator (genetics) , enzyme , chemical biology , biochemistry , hedgehog signaling pathway , microbiology and biotechnology , stereochemistry , biology , signal transduction , receptor
Hedgehog proteins, a family of vital cell signaling factors, are expressed in precursor form, which requires specialized autoprocessing, called cholesterolysis, for full biological activity. Cholesterolysis occurs in cis through the action of the precursor's C-terminal enzymatic domain, HhC. In this work, we describe HhC activator compounds (HACs), a novel class of noncovalent modulators that induce autoprocessing infidelity, diminishing native cholesterolysis in favor of precursor autoproteolysis, an otherwise minor and apparently nonphysiological side reaction. HAC-induced autoproteolysis generates hedgehog protein that is cholesterol free and hence signaling deficient. The most effective HAC has an AC 50 of 9 μM, accelerates HhC autoproteolytic activity by 225-fold, and functions in the presence and absence of cholesterol, the native substrate. HACs join a rare class of "antagonists" that suppress native enzymatic activity by subverting mechanistic fidelity.