Open AccessThe Role of COVID-19 Soft Law Measures in Italy: Much Ado about Nothing?
Author(s) -
Flaminia Aperio Bella,
Cristiana Lauri,
Giorgio Capra
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
european journal of risk regulation
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.243
H-Index - 16
eISSN - 2190-8249
pISSN - 1867-299X
DOI - 10.1017/err.2020.116
Subject(s) - soft law , nothing , covid-19 , law , political science , pandemic , criticism , worship , law and economics , constitutional law , sociology , international law , medicine , philosophy , disease , epistemology , pathology , infectious disease (medical specialty)
This article considers the role of non-binding legal instruments adopted in Italy against the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the early months of 2020. To verify whether the use of such instruments restricted fundamental and human rights beyond constitutional and legal limits, the article first gives an overview of hard law measures adopted in Italy against the coronavirus. It then focuses on soft law measures, the use of which became significant only in Phase II of Italy's response to COVID-19 and argues that non-binding legal instruments provided the public with instructions on gradually returning to normal life. This contribution contains case studies on the soft law measures adopted in relation to private economic enterprise and freedom of worship. Italian soft law deployed during the COVID-19 epidemic was borne out of coordination between the state and the Regions and as the result of (even informal) dialogue with the relevant stakeholders. Despite some criticism of the soft law measures used, their role in restricting constitutionally granted rights was marginal, because only hard law measures adopted nationally and locally limited personal rights and freedoms in order to contain the pandemic.