Open AccessVibrio cholerae: A historical perspective and current trend
Author(s) -
Mary Oyenike Oladokun,
Anthony I. Okoh
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61154-4
Subject(s) - vibrio cholerae , cholera , outbreak , pandemic , el tor , isolation (microbiology) , geography , biology , communicable disease , environmental health , public health , microbiology and biotechnology , disease , virology , medicine , infectious disease (medical specialty) , covid-19 , bacteria , genetics , nursing , pathology
Vibrio cholerae (V. cholerae) is a Gram-negative, curved, rod-shaped bacteria with two of\udits strains V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139) known to cause cholera, a deadly diarrheal\uddisease that has repeatedly plagued the world in pandemics since 1817 and still remains\uda public health problem globally till today. The pathogens’ persistence in aquatic milieux\udduring inter-epidemic periods is facilitated by the production of a biofilm, thus evolving from\udbeing an infection of oral-fecal transmission to a more composite ecological framework of a\udcommunicable disease. The outbreaks of cholera spread rapidly in various intensities within\udand among countries and even continents and the World Health Organization estimates that\ud3–5 million cases outbreak and over 200 000 die yearly from cholera. Also, the impact of a\udcholera epidemic is not limited to its high morbidity and mortality rates alone, but also the\udgrievous impact on the economy of the countries experiencing the outbreaks. In this review,\udwe carried out an overview of V. cholerae including its isolation and detection, genetics as well\udas a comparison of the toxigenic and non-toxigenic determinants in the human host and the\udhost defences. Furthermore, the history of global pandemics, cost implications, conflict and\udecological methodologies of cholera prevention and control. The management of disease and\udantibiotic resistance in V. cholerae are also highlighted