Open AccessSlow release formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (AM 65-52) and spinosyns: effectiveness against the West Nile vector Culex pipiens in Saudi Arabia
Author(s) -
Alaa Sulaiman Alsobhi,
Al Thbiani Aziz,
Khalid M. AlGhamdi,
Jazem A. Mahyoub,
Najat Ali Khatter,
Shalini Saggu,
Hasibur Rehman,
Chellasamy Panneerselvam,
Kadarkarai Murugan,
Akon Higuchi,
Marcello Nicoletti,
Angelo Canale,
Giovanni Benelli
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61083-6
Subject(s) - bacillus thuringiensis , culex pipiens , mosquito control , biology , toxicology , vector (molecular biology) , granule (geology) , veterinary medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , larva , ecology , medicine , bacteria , biochemistry , immunology , paleontology , genetics , malaria , gene , recombinant dna
Objective: To investigate the effectiveness of slow release formulations of Bacillus\udthuringiensis israelensis (AM 65-52) (B. thuringiensis israelensis) and spinosyns against the\udWest Nile vector Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) in Saudi Arabia.\udMethods: We tested slow release insecticide formulations of Natular DT, Tap 60 and VectoBac\udgranule against II instars of Cx. pipiens larvae in 50 L laboratory arenas.\udResults: Slow release formulations of B. thuringiensis israelensis and spinosyns gave\udcontinuous control against Cx. pipiens for several weeks. Natular DT was more effective\udover Tap 60 and VectoBac granule of about 1.3 and 5.8 times, respectively. Variations in\udthe durations of effective control among the tested slow release formulations may reflect\uddifferences in their active ingredients and the mode of action.\udConclusions: Our results highlighted the effectiveness of B. thuringiensis israelensis and\udspinosyns against an important West Nile vector, providing baseline data to develop ecofriendly mosquito control programs in Saudi Arabia