Open AccessRoll of hemagglutinin gene in the biology of avian influenza virus
Author(s) -
Masoud Soltanialvar,
Ali Bagherpour,
Farshad Akbarnejad
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(16)61064-2
Subject(s) - hemagglutinin (influenza) , biology , antigenic drift , virology , virus , viral envelope , h5n1 genetic structure , glycoprotein , gene , host (biology) , viral entry , antigenic shift , antigenic variation , lipid bilayer fusion , genetics , viral replication , covid-19 , infectious disease (medical specialty) , disease , pathology , medicine
The hemagglutinin (HA), the major envelope glycoprotein of influenza, plays an important\udrole during the early stage of infection, and changes in the HA gene prior to the emergence of\udpathogenic avian influenza viruses. The HA protein controls viral entry through membrane\udfusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane and allows the genetic information\udreleased to initiate new virus synthesis. Sharp antigenic variation of HA remains the critical\udchallenge to the development of effective vaccines. Therefore, we highlight the role of HA in\udneed of review: structure of HA, the fusion process and the HA receptor binding specificity\udin interspecies transmission and the impact of multiple mutations at antigenic sites and host\udantibodies to the parental virus, and the host susceptibility to productive infection by the drift\udstrains