Open AccessComparative study of in vitro antibacterial activity of leaves, bark, heart wood and seed extracts of Caesalpinia sappan L.
Author(s) -
Arunkumar Naik Bukke,
Fathima Nazneen Hadi,
Chandramati Shankar Produtur
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(15)60954-9
Subject(s) - petroleum ether , chloroform , antibacterial activity , chemistry , methanol , agar diffusion test , bark (sound) , extraction (chemistry) , traditional medicine , solvent , aqueous solution , klebsiella pneumoniae , chromatography , bacillus subtilis , nuclear chemistry , bacteria , organic chemistry , escherichia coli , biochemistry , biology , medicine , ecology , genetics , gene
Objective: To evaluate and compare the maximum antimicrobial activity by screening different\udparts of Caesalpinia sappan L. extracted in different solvents against Salmonella ebony (MTCC\ud3384) (S. ebony), Klebsiella pneumoniae (MTCC 432) (K. pneumoniae), Escherichia coli (MTCC\ud443) (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (MTCC 10619) (B. subtilis).\udMethods: Dried plant parts were extracted with petroleum ether, methanol, chloroform and\udwater by Soxhlet extraction method. The extracts were tested against S. ebony, K. pneumoniae, E.\udcoli and B. subtilis by using the agar well diffusion method.\udResults: Among the above solvents, the methanol and chloroform and aqueous extracts\udof leaves, seeds, bark and heart wood showed strong antibacterial activity. The inhibition\udzone for heart wood extracts against K. pneumoniae was (30.333 ± 0.330) mm in methanol,\udchloroform (28.166 ± 0.730) mm and aqueous extract (28.166 ± 0.170) mm; for B. subtilis,\udthat was (27.333 ± 0.440) mm in methanol, (27.166 ± 0.170) mm in chloroform, (26.166 ±\ud0.440) mm in aqueous extract and least in petroleum ether (12.660 ± 0.170) mm. The leaf\udextracts in methanol showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. ebony as seen by the\udinhibition zone (16.000 ± 0.290) mm and K. pneumoniae (13.000 ± 0.290) mm. The maximum\udantibacterial response of the seed extract against K. pneumoniae was observed in chloroform\udsolvent (14.000 ± 0.580) mm followed by aqueous extract (13.833 ± 0.600) mm. No response\udwas observed in petroleum ether and methanol.\udConclusions: The heart wood extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity having a\udminimal inhibition concentration of 2 mg/mL in all three solvents against the four bacterial\udstrains, except petroleum ether where MIC was 5 mg/mL against E. coli and B. subtilis. The\udaqueous and methanolic extracts of bark showed minimal inhibition concentrations of 5 mg/\udmL and 2 mg/mL against K. pneumoniae respectively whereas aqueous extract of bark showed\uda minimal inhibition concentration of 5 mg/mL against E. coli