Open AccessStudy of the genetic traits associated with antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin wards of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Author(s) -
Saeed Ullah Khattak,
Nafees Bacha,
Ghosia Lutfullah,
Jehan Bakht,
Sajid Ali,
Johar Ali,
Abid Ali Khan
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60803-3
Subject(s) - khyber pakhtunkhwa , staphylococcus aureus , cefotaxime , penicillin , imipenem , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , antibiotic resistance , veterinary medicine , antibiotics , drug resistance , medicine , genetics , bacteria , socioeconomics , sociology
Objective: To investigate the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolated from\udskin wards of the hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, its resistance against various commonly\udand commercially available antibiotics, as well as different genetic traits of resistance and\udtheir correlations with the phenotypic visible resistance.\udMethods: In the present study a simple PCR technique were used to investigate the genetic\udtraits of resistance in S. aureus isolated from skin wards of two major hospitals of Khyber\udPakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 100 samples were collected from both the male and female,\udof which 50 were from patient’s site of infection and 50 from ward environment.\udResults: These results demonstrated that the total prevalence of S. aureus both in ward as\udwell as in patients was 48%. The S. aureus prevalence was the highest in female patients\ud(50%) followed by ward environment (29%) and then male patients (21%). The antibiotic\udsensitivity tests revealed that the highest (91.6% isolates) sensitivity was shown to imipenem.\udHowever, the highest resistance was found to be against penicillin (100% isolates) followed by\udcefotaxime (75% isolates). In addition, only 29% of the isolates were found to be resistant to\udmethicillin. PCR technique based on the previously designed primers targeting different genetic\udtraits of resistance revealed that 13 out of the 14 isolates resistant to methicillin were positive\udfor mecA gene. blaZ Genetic traits were found in all isolates resistant to penicillin. The multidrug resistance traits, vgaA and vgaB each was detected only in 12.5% of S. aureus isolates.\udThe phenotypic character of antibiotic resistance is highly correlated to different genetic traits\udof resistance.\udConclusions: Based on our findings, it is concluded that antibiotic resistance in S. aureus\udstrains is increasing day by day due to self-medications and medication by non-registered\udmedical practitioners. Therefore, for quick and fast detection, we propose next-generation\udsequencing be utilized to screen for antibiotic resistance