Open AccessPrevalence and Determinants of Chronic periodontitis in HIV positive patients in Nigeria
Author(s) -
Kehinde Adesola Umeizudike,
P O Ayanbadejo,
KO Savage,
Alani S Akanmu,
Solomon O. Nwhator,
Christian Ibezi Emeka
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60578-8
Subject(s) - medicine , periodontitis , odds ratio , logistic regression , bleeding on probing , chronic periodontitis , odds , human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) , dentistry , immunology
Objective: To determine the prevalence and determinants of chronic periodontitis in HIV positive\udpatients.\udMethods: A total of 120 HIV positive patients attending the dedicated HIV outpatient clinic of the\udLagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria were recruited for the study. Their periodontal status\udwas assessed using the community periodontal index of treatment needs. Their CD4+ cell count\udwas determined using the flow-cytometer method. The risk factors for periodontitis including age,\udgender, education, smoking, CD4+ cell counts, bleeding on probing (BOP) were determined.\udResults: Prevalence of periodontitis was high (63.3%) in the HIV positive patients. In a bivariate\udanalysis, significant associations were observed between severity of periodontitis and age ≥35\udyears (P=0.021), male gender (P=0.005), smoking (P=0.040) and ≥3 community periodontal index\udof treatment needs sextants exhibiting BOP (P=0.004). In a binary logistic regression, independent\udpredictors of periodontitis were ≥3 sextants exhibiting BOP (odds ratio 1.738, 95% CI 1.339 to 2.256,\udP=0.000) and age ≥35 years (odds ratio 1.057, 95% CI 1.005 to 1.111, P=0.030). The CD4+ cell counts\udwere not associated with periodontitis in the HIV positive patients (P=0.988).\udConclusions: A high prevalence of periodontitis was found among the HIV positive Nigerian\udpatients in this study. Older age ≥35 years and BOP were the determinants of periodontitis.\udThere is therefore a need for close periodontal monitoring of HIV positive Nigerian patients with\udemphasis on preventive, professional oral prophylaxis