Open AccessClerodendron inerme Gaertn. plant as an effective natural product against dengue and filarial vector mosquitoes
Author(s) -
Prabhakargouda B Patil,
Shrinivas Venkatesh Kallapur,
V. L. Kallapur,
S. N. Holihosur
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60490-4
Subject(s) - culex quinquefasciatus , petroleum ether , aedes aegypti , instar , phytochemical , chloroform , biology , hexane , traditional medicine , larva , chemistry , food science , botany , extraction (chemistry) , toxicology , chromatography , medicine
Objective: To investigate insecticidal properties of organic solvent extracts of Clerodendron\udinerme (C. inerme) leaves against larval stages of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Culex\udquinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) mosquito species.\udMethods: The sundried leaf powder of C. inerme was subjected for extraction using organic\udsolvents viz. methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hexane extract, and were tested against\udthird/fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus species in accordance with WHO\udstandard methods. Experiments were conducted in four replicates with control group containing\udwater alone and positive control group containing respective solvent (dimethylsulfoxide/acetone)\udused for dissolving the extracts.\udResults: Among the four solvent extracts, hexane extract has effective growth disruptive activity\udagainst Ae. aegypti, and showed positive tests for presence of four groups of phytochemical\udconstituents viz. tanin, phytosteriod, terpenoid and cardiac glycoside. The hexane extract was\udtested against field collected filarial vector Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae for growth disruptive\udactivity. Adult emergence inhibition values for 50 percent suppression (EI50) of the tested\udpopulation for methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and hexane extracts treated against third\udinstar larvae of Ae. aegypti were found to be 37.45, 14.79, 2.56 and 1.96 mg/L respectively, while\udhexane extract treated against Cx. quinquefasciatus was found to be equally effective with EI50\udvalue of 3.74 mg/L. Hexane extract treated against fourth instar larvae of Ae. aegypti and Cx.\udquinquefasciatus showed EI50 values of 8.07 and 19.55 mg/L respectively in comparison with that\udof standard insect growth regulator methoprene demonstrating EI50 value of 0.05 mg/L. Besides,\udthe hexane extract was also found to possess toxic effect against non-target organism Gambusia\udaffinis (a bio-control agent), however, the lethal concentration (LC50=172.7 mg/L for 24 h) against\udGambusia affinis was much higher in comparison with that of tested concentrations against Ae.\udaegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus.\udConclusions: We conclude from the present investigation that the hexane extract of C. inerme\udhas positive implications for its consideration in integrated control of dengue/filarial vectors\uddue to their ecological distinctness in comparison with non-target organism and further due to\udecofriendly nature of the extract in terms of easy biodegradabilit