Open AccessPupicidal and repellent activities of Pogostemon cablin essential oil chemical compounds against medically important human vector mosquitoes
Author(s) -
Jayapal Gokulakrishnan,
Kuppusamy Elumalai,
Dhanasekaran Shanmugam,
Anandan Appavu,
Krishnappa Kaliyamoorthi
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
asian pacific journal of tropical disease
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.208
H-Index - 33
ISSN - 2222-1808
DOI - 10.1016/s2222-1808(13)60006-7
Subject(s) - pogostemon , patchouli , aedes aegypti , culex quinquefasciatus , anopheles stephensi , chemistry , traditional medicine , toxicology , essential oil , biology , food science , botany , larva , medicine
Objective: To determine the repellent and pupicidal activities of Pogostemon cablin (P. cablin)\udchemical compositions were assayed for their toxicity against selected important vector\udmosquitoes, viz., Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti), Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Culex\udquinquefasciatus (Cx. quinquefasciatus) (Diptera: Culicidae). Methods: The plants dry aerial parts\udwere subjected to hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus. The composition\udof the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and GC mass spectrophotometry.\udEvaluation was carried out in a net cage (45 cm ×30 cm ×45 cm) containing 100 blood starved female\udmosquitoes and were assayed in the laboratory condition by using the protocol of WHO 2010. The\udrepellent activity of P. cablin chemical compositions at concentration of 2mg/cm2were applied\udon skin of fore arm in man and exposed against adult female mosquitoes. The pupicidal activity\udwas determined against selected important vector mosquitoes to concentration of 100 mg/L and\udmortality of each pupa was recorded after 24 h of exposure to the compounds. Results: Chemical\udconstituents of 15 compounds were identified in the oil of P.cablin compounds representing to\ud98.96%. The major components in essential oil were â-patchoulene, á-guaiene, ã-patchoulene,\udá-bulnesene and patchouli alcohol. The repellent activity of patchouli alcohol compound was\udfound to be most effective for repellent activity and 2 mg/cm2 concentration provided 100%\udprotection up to 280 min against Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively.\udSimilarly, pupae exposed to 100 mg/L concentrations of P. cablin chemical compositions. Among\udfive compounds tested patchouli alcoholwas found to be most effective for pupicidal activity\udprovided 28.44, 26.28 and 25.36 against Ae.aegypti, An.stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus,\udrespectively. The percent adult emergence was inversely proportional to the concentration of\udcompounds and directly proportional to the pupal mortality.Conclusion: These results suggest\udthat the P. cablin chemical compositions have the potential to be used as an ideal eco-friendly\udapproach for the control of mosquitoes. This is the first report on the mosquito repellent and\udpupicidal activities of the reported P. cablin chemical compositions